The results showed that the study area is at low to very low risk of flooding; only about 15% of the area is at high to very high flood risk. The low flood risk is largely attributed to the study area’s location in an irrigation zone. The few areas classified as high-risk are predominantly elevated and not irrigated. The facility itself is situated in a low-risk area, benefiting from its strategic location within the irrigation zone.

In contrast, 50% of the study area is identified as being at high to very high risk of drought. This heightened vulnerability is primarily due to the predominance of agricultural land situated outside the irrigation zone, as well as the presence of mountainous regions, which are inherently more susceptible to drought conditions. Nevertheless, the facility itself is in an area with a low to very low risk of drought, owing to its proximity to water sources and its location within the irrigation zone. An analysis of flood and drought risks, incorporating climate change indices across scenarios-near-term, mid-term, and long-term; revealed consistent trends.

The risk of flooding is projected to increase both in spatial extent and intensity, with areas currently classified as very low to low likely transitioning to moderate risk over time. By contrast, drought risk is anticipated to decline in both extent and severity, with moderate, high, and very high-risk areas potentially shifting to low or very low-risk. These projections align with findings from extreme rainfall indices, which underscore changing rainfall patterns as a critical driver of both flood and drought risks. The results showed that the study area is significantly more vulnerable to drought than to flooding. Approximately 63% of the area is classified as being at high drought risk, while only 8.85% is at high flood risk. Mueang Tak District in Tak Province has been identified as a critical area of concern for both hazards. Additionally, Khlong Lan and Mueang Kamphaeng Phet Districts in Kamphaeng Phet Province are particularly susceptible to drought conditions. Within a 5-kilometer radius of the Simathurakij Distillery, nearly 99% of the area is at high drought risk, primarily due to its location outside of the irrigation zone and the dominance of surrounding agricultural land. Nonetheless, the distillery has effectively managed its water resources through the development of storage ponds and the use of groundwater wells, which has helped to mitigate water shortages during the dry season. Conversely, flood risk in the vicinity of the facility is relatively low, owing to its strategic location within a well-managed irrigation area that reduces flood vulnerability.

The assessment of climate change impacts on flood and drought risks further reveals notable shifts in rainfall patterns across different future timeframes. In the near term (2023–2048), rainfall is projected to increase during the mid-to-late dry season and late rainy season, while declining during the early rainy season and in January. This may lead to more frequent but less severe droughts, alongside an increase in both the frequency and severity of floods. Mid-term projections (2049–2174) suggest a continuation of these trends, marked by heightened rainfall variability and more extreme weather events. In the far future (2175–2200), the changes are expected to be even more pronounced, with a further rise in drought frequency, although with reduced severity and duration, and a sustained increase in flood risk. Across all time horizons, areas at risk of flooding are expected to expand in both scope and intensity, while drought-prone areas may decrease in size and severity. These findings underscore the importance of adaptive water resource management and proactive disaster preparedness in building resilience against the escalating impacts of climate change.
The results showed that the study area is at low risk of flooding; only 8.85% of the area is classified as high flood risk, with Mueang Tak District in Tak Province identified as a key area that warrants close monitoring. Moderate and low flood risk zones account for 35.53% and 55.63% of the area, respectively. The low flood risk near the Production Facility and within a 5-kilometer radius can be attributed to its location within an irrigated area equipped with effective water management systems, which help mitigate potential flood impacts.

In terms of drought, the watershed is largely characterized by moderate risk, covering 40.84% of the area, while 31.05% is identified as high risk, particularly in districts within Lampang Province. Around the ThaiDrinks Non-Alcoholic Beverage Production Facility, the drought risk is predominantly low (51.67%) due to its advantageous position within an irrigation zone and the implementation of drought mitigation measures, such as the use of storage ponds and groundwater wells. These measures contribute to a reliable water supply, even during extended dry periods.

An analysis of climate change impacts across near-term (2023–2048), mid-term (2049–2072), and far-future (2073–2088) scenarios reveals a projected increase in rainfall on monthly, seasonal, and annual scales. Notable increases are expected during the late rainy season and mid-to-late dry season, while some reductions may occur in the early rainy season. Rainfall variability and uncertainty are anticipated to grow over time, particularly in the far-future period. Flood risk is expected to increase slightly, especially in areas already prone to very high risk, whereas drought risk is projected to remain stable or decrease slightly in both spatial extent and severity. These consistent trends underscore the importance of adaptive water resource and risk management strategies in response to evolving climatic conditions.

In 2025, ThaiBev will extend the program to cover other production sites that are located in high to extremely high water-stressed areas. We also install Automated Telemetry Stations in upstream forest areas, which can provide insightful data, such as water level and precipitation, and other information necessary for effective water and disaster management.